Charli's Pure and Applied Science Glossary

I'm Charli and I have been studying in this program for a year. This glossary contains words that are very important in the current program I am studying in, Pure and Applied Science. I also included multiple words related to the actuarial field since I am very interested in that area. This glossary is structured so the first ten words are more related to the actuary filed, and the rest of the glossary is more about science in general since that is what the Pure and Applied Science program is all about. I'm hoping this glossary can help the people having a hard time in my program since it can be pretty hard sometimes. To find these words, I mainly looked through my science textbooks and picked the words that I thought were the most important. I relied on my mathematics' notes from last session and my knowledge to pick the first ten words. As a reader, you should look through my glossary, find the words that you don't understand well, and read the definitions to help you.

Actuarial science: adjective with a noun; Actuarial science is the discipline of using mathematics, statistics, economics, and financial theory to assess and manage the financial risks associated with uncertain future events, primarily in the insurance, finance, and pension industries.; Example: He chose to pursue actuarial studies because he enjoys mathematics and solving problems; fr: science actuarielle
Probability: noun; The extent to which something is probable; the likelihood of something happening or being the case.; Example: The probability of rolling a six on a die is one in six.; fr: Probabilité
Statistics: noun; The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample.; Example: We used statistics to analyze the survey results.; fr: Statistiques
Risk: noun; The possibility of loss, injury, or other adverse outcome.; Example: Driving without a seatbelt is a risk.; fr: Risque
Liability: noun; The state of being responsible for something, especially by law.; Example: The company’s biggest liability was unpaid loans.; fr: Responsabilité
Underwriting: noun; Underwriting is a risk assessment process used in finance and insurance to evaluate the financial risk of a person, asset, or investment before entering a contract.; Example: The underwriting process determined her insurance coverage.; fr: Souscription
Demographics: noun; Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.; Example: The demographics showed most customers were young adults.; fr: Démographie
Forecasting: noun; Forecasting is a decision-making tool and planning process that involves using historical and current data to make informed predictions about future events or trends.; Example: The team used forecasting to estimate next year’s sales.; fr: Prévision
Valuation: noun; An estimation of something's worth, especially one carried out by a professional appraiser.; Example: The valuation of the house increased after renovations.; fr: Évaluation
Investment: noun; The action or process of investing money for profit or material result.; Example: The action of putting money into something for profit.; fr: Investissement
Physics: noun; The branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. The subject matter of physics, distinguished from that of chemistry and biology, includes mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms.; Example: Physics explains why objects fall to the ground.; fr: Physique
Chemistry: noun; The branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new substances.; Example: Chemistry shows how water forms from hydrogen and oxygen.; fr: Chimie
Biology: noun; The study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.; Example: Biology teaches us about animals, plants, and cells.; fr: Biologie
Genetics: noun; The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.; Example: Genetics explains why children look like their parents.; fr: Génétique
Atom: noun; The basic unit of a chemical element.; Example: Every atom has a nucleus with protons and neutrons.; fr: Atome
Cell: noun; The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.; Example: The human body is made of millions of cells.; fr: Cellule
Measure: verb; Ascertain the size, amount, or degree of (something) by using an instrument or device marked in standard units or by comparing it with an object of known size.; Example: We measure the length of the table with a ruler.; fr: Mesurer
Hypothesize: verb; put (something) forward as a hypothesis.; Example: We hypothesize that plants grow faster in sunlight.; fr: Émettre une hypothèse
Energy: noun; Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.; Example: The sun provides energy to the Earth.; fr: Énergie
Reaction: noun; An action performed or a feeling experienced in response to a situation or event.; Example: The reaction of vinegar and baking soda makes bubbles.; fr: Réaction
Microscopic: adjective; So small as to be visible only with a microscope.; Example: Bacteria are microscopic living things.; fr: Microscopique
Radioactive: adjective; Emitting or relating to the emission of ionizing radiation or particles.; Example: Uranium is a radioactive element.; fr: Radioactive
Gravity: noun; The force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass.; Example: Gravity keeps our feet on the ground.; fr: Gravité
Conduct: verb; To allow heat or electricity to pass through.; Example: Metals conduct electricity very well.; fr: Conduire
Absorb: verb; Take in or soak up (energy or a liquid or other substance) by chemical or physical action.; Example: Plants absorb sunlight for photosynthesis; fr: Absorber
Species: noun; A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.; Example: Humans belong to the species Homo sapiens.; fr: Espèces
Neutral: adjective; Not acidic or basic; having a balanced pH.; Example: Pure water is neutral on the pH scale.; fr: Neutre